Multisystem organ failure generally results from infection, injury (accident or surgery) or reduced blood flow, as would occur during acute myocardial infarction or stroke, and these primary causes trigger an uncontrolled inflammatory response resulting in end-organ damage to vital organs, such as the heart, lungs, kidneys, bowel, brain and liver.
The most common cause of death for patients admitted to a contemporary intensive care unit (ICU) is a clinical condition that owes its existence to the development of the ICU. Variously known as the multiple organ dysfunction syndrome (MODS), multi-organ failure, multiple systems organ failure, or through some of its more prominent manifestations, as the acute respiratory distress syndrome.
Organ failure. This may be multi-system and includes acute kidney injury (AKI), cholestasis, heart failure, acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) or acute lung injury, and bone marrow suppression (Gotts, 2016; Cecconi, 2018). See the CKS topics on Acute kidney injury, Jaundice in adults, and Heart failure - chronic for more information.
Multiple system atrophy (MSA) is a rare neurodegenerative disorder characterized by autonomic dysfunction, tremors, slow movement, muscle rigidity, and postural instability (collectively known as parkinsonism) and ataxia.This is caused by progressive degeneration of neurons in several parts of the brain including the basal ganglia, inferior olivary nucleus, and cerebellum.
Organ failure may be either chronic or acute. The American Thoracic Society reports that sepsis is a common cause of multiple organ failure. Serious organ failure is associated with the liver, kidney, heart, lung and pancreas. Liver failure is caused by cirrhosis due to fatty liver, alcohol, viral hepatitis or an autoimmune disease.
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The multiple organ dysfunction syndrome (MODS) is the identified failure of critical organ function in patients that have sustained SIRS. Because SIRS and MODS are consequences of the excessive activation of inflammation, extensive research and numerous clinical trials have pursued treatments that would modify the inflammatory response.